Pierre Schaeffer

1. Perfectionnements aux Appareils pour la Reailisasion de Bruits ou Sons Musicaux", Pierre Schaeffer French Patent FR1033682A, 1953. introduces the ideas of both the Phonogene and the Pupitre d'Espace, with elaborations to follow below.
2. "Procede et Appareils pour la Reailisasion de Bruits ou Sons Musicaux", Pierre Schaeffer French Patent FR1122202A, 1956.
3. "Magnetophone de Truquages", Pierre Schaeffer French Patent FR1541125A, 1968. relates to variable speed drive.

Three patents for the Pupitre d'Espace, an ingenious spatial projection system using the principle of transformer coupling.

1. "Spatial Music Projecting Device", Pierre Schaeffer, US Patent US2636943, 1953.
2. "Uebertragungsvorrichtung fuer Raeumliche Musik", Pierre Schaeffer, German Patent DE901798, 1954.
3. "Improvements in Devices for the Stereophonic Transmission of Music", Pierre Schaeffer, British PatentÊGB695435, 1953.

Three patents for the Phonogene, an early type of keyboard sampler. see also Chamberlin and Optigan.

1. "Magnetophonic Musical Apparatus", Pierre Schaeffer, US Patent US2667097, 1954.
2. "Magnetophonic Musical Instrument", Pierre Schaeffer, British Patent GB704048, 1954.
3. "Magnetophonmusikgeraet", Pierre Schaeffer, German Patent DE951697, 1956.